Practice 5: Supplemental Food

Supplemental food is one of the most visible and easily documented of the seven wildlife management practices. It involves providing nutritional resources beyond what the natural habitat produces — through planted food plots, managed feeders, mineral supplementation, or native forage enhancement. For many Texas property owners, supplemental feeding is a year-round activity that forms a central part of their wildlife management program.

What Qualifies as Supplemental Food?

Supplemental food encompasses any effort to increase the quantity or quality of food resources available to wildlife on your property. This ranges from simple feeder programs to sophisticated food plot systems designed to provide nutrition during critical periods of the year — especially late summer when natural forage quality declines and late winter when food resources are at their lowest.

The key distinction for wildlife management compliance is that feeding must be directed toward supporting the wildlife species in your management plan, not just attracting deer for hunting purposes. Document the wildlife management rationale for every feeding activity.

Supplemental Food Activities for Your Annual Report

Food plot establishment

Planting seasonal food plots with species that provide high-quality forage for wildlife — clover, oats, wheat, lablab, cowpeas, sunflowers, or native wildflower mixes. Fall plots provide winter nutrition; spring plots support nesting season.

Feeder program management

Maintaining protein feeders, corn feeders, or gravity feeders on a regular schedule. Document fill dates, quantities, and feed types. Use timers and guards to prevent waste and non-target consumption.

Mineral supplementation

Providing mineral licks or free-choice mineral stations with phosphorus, calcium, and trace minerals. Particularly important for antler development in deer and eggshell quality in ground-nesting birds.

Quail and turkey feeder management

Specialized feeders designed for quail and turkey with appropriate feed types (milo, millet, cracked corn) and feeder guards to exclude hogs. Maintain on a regular schedule, especially during winter and nesting season.

Native forage enhancement

Managing existing vegetation to increase natural food production — deferring mowing until after seed set, maintaining mast-producing trees (oaks, pecans), and protecting fruit-bearing shrubs.

Feed purchase and delivery

Buying and transporting feed to the property. Keep all receipts — they document both effort and financial investment in wildlife management.

How to Document Supplemental Food

Supplemental food is one of the easiest practices to document because it involves regular, repeated activities. Log every feeder fill with date, feeder location, feed type, and quantity. Photograph food plots at planting, mid-season, and harvest/browse stage. Keep all feed store receipts organized by month. For quail feeders, document the feeder check schedule and any maintenance performed.

Ecoregion Considerations

Food plot species should match your ecoregion's soil type and rainfall patterns. In the Edwards Plateau, cool-season plots (oats, wheat, clover) perform best on deeper soils near creek bottoms. In the South Texas Plains, warm-season options like lablab and cowpeas tolerate the heat. Consult your county extension agent for recommended species and planting dates specific to your area.

Other Wildlife Management Practices

Texas requires at least 3 of 7 wildlife management practices each year. Explore the other qualifying practices: